Inflatia si ratele dobanzii sunt adesea legate si frecvent mentionate in macroeconomie. Inflatia se refera la rata la care creste preturile pentru bunuri si servicii. escorte sect 2 In SUA, rata dobanzii (care este suma perceputa de un imprumutat unui imprumutat) se bazeaza pe rata fondurilor federale care este determinata de Rezerva Federala. Sistemul Federal Reserve este banca centrala a SUA; uneori este denumita doar Fed. matrimoniale bocsa

Fed incearca sa influenteze rata inflatiei stabilind si ajustand obiectivul pentru rata fondurilor federale. Acest instrument permite Fed sa extinda sau sa contracteze oferta de bani dupa cum este necesar, ceea ce influenteaza ratele tinta de ocupare, preturile stabile si cresterea economica stabila. imagini curve

Corelatie inversa intre ratele dobanzii si inflatie

In cadrul unui sistem de rezervare fractionala, ratele dobanzii si inflatia tind sa fie corelate invers. Aceasta relatie formeaza unul dintre principiile centrale ale politicii monetare contemporane: bancile centrale manipuleaza ratele dobanzii pe termen scurt pentru a afecta rata inflatiei in economie. poze curve

Graficul de mai jos demonstreaza corelatia inversa intre ratele dobanzii si inflatie. In grafic, IPC se refera la Indicele preturilor de consum, o masuratoare care urmareste modificarile preturilor. escorte independente Modificarile IPC sunt utilizate pentru a identifica perioadele de inflatie si deflatie.



In general, pe masura ce ratele dobanzii sunt reduse, mai multi oameni sunt capabili sa imprumute mai multi bani. escorte slobozia Rezultatul este ca consumatorii au mai multi bani de cheltuit. Acest lucru determina cresterea economiei si cresterea inflatiei. curve online training

Opusul este valabil pentru cresterea ratelor dobanzii. Pe masura ce ratele dobanzii sunt crescute, consumatorii tind sa economiseasca, deoarece randamentele din economii sunt mai mari. publicat 24 matrimoniale galati Cu un venit mai mic disponibil, economia incetineste si inflatia scade.

Pentru a intelege mai bine modul in care functioneaza relatia dintre inflatie si ratele dobanzii, este important sa intelegem sistemul bancar, teoria cantitatii banilor si rolul dobanzilor. escorte dulci

Banci de rezerva fractionare

In prezent exista un sistem bancar fractional de rezerva. Pe masura ce creste o demonstratie puternic simplificata a ofertei de bani, sa presupunem ca, atunci cand cineva depune 100 de dolari in banca, isi mentine o creanta asupra acelor 100 de dolari. escorte sebastian Cu toate acestea, banca poate imprumuta acesti dolari pe baza ratei rezervelor stabilite de banca centrala. Daca rata rezervelor este de 10%, banca poate imprumuta celelalte 90% (adica 90 USD in acest caz). curve care se fut cu animale O fractiune de 10% din bani ramane in seifurile bancare.

Atata timp cat imprumutul ulterior de 90 USD este restant, exista doua creante in valoare totala de 190 USD in economie. blackberry curve Cu alte cuvinte, oferta de bani a crescut de la 100 $ la 190 $.

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Teoria cantitatii banilor

In economics, the quantity theory of money states that the supply and demand for money determine the rate of inflation. curve din ludus If the money supply grows, prices tend to rise. This is because each individual unit of currency becomes less valuable. publi.24 matrimoniale

Hyperinflation is an economic term used to describe extreme inflation. In an environment where there is hyperinflation, price increases are rapid and uncontrolled. carbon dioxide dissociation curve While central banks generally target an annual inflation rate of around 2% to 3% (this is considered an acceptable rate for a healthy economy), hyperinflation goes well beyond this. Countries that experience hyperinflation sometimes have an inflation rate of 50% or more per month. matrimoniale odorheiu secuiesc

Interest Rates, Savings, Loans, and Inflation

The interest rate determines the price of holding or loaning money. Banks pay an interest rate on savings in order to attract depositors. matrimoniale bistrita femei Banks also receive an interest rate for money that is loaned from their deposits.

When interest rates are low, individuals and businesses tend to demand more loans. matrimoniale timișoara Each bank loan increases the money supply in a fractional reserve banking system. According to the quantity theory of money, a growing money supply increases inflation. Thus, low interest rates tend to result in more inflation. High interest rates tend to lower inflation.

While this is a very simplified version of the relationship, it highlights why interest rates and inflation tend to be inversely correlated.

The Federal Open Market Committee

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times each year to review economic and financial conditions and decide on monetary policy. Monetary policy refers to the actions taken that affect the availability and cost of money and credit. At these meetings, short-term interest rate targets are determined.

Using economic indicators such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Indexes (PPI), the Fed will establish interest rate targets intended to keep the economy in balance. By moving interest rate targets up or down, the Fed attempts to achieve target employment rates, stable prices, and stable economic growth. The Fed will raise interest rates to reduce inflation and decrease rates to spur economic growth.

Investors and traders keep a close eye on the FOMC rate decisions. After each of the eight FOMC meetings, an announcement is made regarding the Fed’s decision to increase, decrease, or maintain key interest rates. Certain markets may move in advance of the anticipated interest rate changes and in response to the actual announcements. For example, the U.S. dollar typically rallies in response to an interest rate increase, while the bond market falls in reaction to rate hikes.